英语六级：四种常考作文类型大集合

　　六级常考作文类型

　　通过对2000年之后的历年真题进行概括和总结，不难发现六级作文总体上包括解释现象型、解决问题型、说明利弊型和对比选择型。下面对这些作文类型逐一进行介绍。

　　一、解释现象型

　　解释现象型作文一般要求考生根据考试提纲引出某种现象，然后分析现象产生的原因，阐述其影响，并给出合理的建议。此类作文在历年真题中所占比例较大，是练习的重点之一。

　　1. 写作提纲

　　(1) 描述现象

　　(2) 阐述现象产生的原因，给出支持者或反对者的观点

　　(3) 提出建议或总结观点

　　2. 历年考题

　　2010.12 My View on University Ranking

　　2009.12 Should Parents Send Their Kids to Art Classes?

　　2008.06 Will E-books Replace Traditional Books?

　　2007.12 The Digital Age

　　2006.12(新) The Importance of Reading Classics2006.12The Celebration of Western Festivals

　　3. 模拟演练

　　The Influence of Computer on the Movie Industry

　　(1) 电脑和互联网给电影产业带来多种影响

　　(2) 阐释各种影响及原因

　　(3) 我的看法

　　专家支招

　　这是一个解释现象型的题目，探讨了电脑和互联网对于电影产业的影响，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：① 第一段简要说明这一现象，第二段阐释各种影响及其原因，第三段提出自己的看法。② 写作时注意语言做到准确流畅，可以适当应用复合句，使文章衔接更加自然。

　　名师点评

　　The Influence of Computer on the Movie Industry

　　The movie industry is quite different from what it was before. It has become ① even more so with the aid of computers. Computers and the Internet have made many influences on the movie industry. ② These, however, come down to the following aspects。

　　First, the development of computer graphics has enabled the movies to have more terrific ③ visual effects. The digital technology can create vivid images ④ out of thin air. And the 3D picture is another breakthrough of visual enjoyment. Second, the development of personal computers and the Internet has made it easier to download piratical movies, thus the box office of movies will be impacted. However, it can also help promote movies by the wide spread of film reviews and comments。

　　In my opinion, the further development of computer and the Internet may make more changes to the movie industry. There may be more technologies to bring us ⑤ multi-dimensional enjoyments. Maybe one day we can have totally immersive impressions of movies with the help of computer。

　　Analysis

　　① even more so用于强调当前的情况更加严重，可以用于提出话题。

　　② come down to表示“归结为”。

　　③ visual effects意为“视觉效果”，是高分表达。

　　④ out of thin air表示“无中生有”，属于固定搭配。

　　⑤ multi-dimensional意为“多维的”，可以用于有多方面意义或多角度讨论的话题。

　　举一反三

　　1. Computers and the Internet have made many influences on the movie industry。

　　a. Computers and the Internet have influenced the movie industry a lot。

　　b. Computers and the Internet have great effects on the movie industry。

　　2. However, it can also help promote movies by the wide spread of film reviews and comments。

　　a. However, it can also increase the fame of movies by the wide spread of film reviews and comments。

　　b. However, it can also contribute to the promotion of movies by the wide spread of film reviews and comments。

　　二、解决问题型

　　解决问题型作文，要求考生根据考试题目中所反映或提到的问题，提出解决问题的方案或应对措施。此类作文重在考查学生解决问题的能力，因此写作时一定要具体详细地说明解决问题的方法。

　　1. 写作提纲

　　(1) 阐述问题

　　(2) 描述原因

　　(3) 给出解决途径

　　2. 历年考题

　　2008.12 How to Improve Students’ Mental Health?

　　3. 模拟演练

　　How to Prevent Drink Driving From Happening?

　　(1) 酒后驾驶已经成为危害公共安全的重要因素

　　(2) 如何最大限度地防止此类问题的发生

　　(3) 我的观点

　　专家支招

　　本文对于酒后驾驶这一社会热点问题进行了探讨，主要讨论如何防止此类问题的发生，是一篇需要提出解决方案的论说文，写作时应围绕提纲进行构思：① 第一段提出酒后驾驶现象及其危害，第二段提出自己的解决方案，第三段总结自己的想法。② 写作时应当注意措辞准确、结构条理、正确使用衔接句。

　　How to Prevent Drink Driving From Happening?

　　Recently, there have been tremendous reports on accidents caused by drink driving and controversial sentences of criminals. ①The miserable tragedies have demonstrated that drink driving has become a serious problem harmful to the public security. ②Therefore, something must be done to prevent such things from happening。

　　③ First of all, corresponding laws and regulations should be made to clarify the definition and penalties of drink driving, so that the fear of punishment may pull drivers away from alcohol. Secondly, the administrations and media should actively promote the modification of so-called ④ “wine culture” to avoid compelled drinking, in order that the drivers may say “no” to the toast proposals. Last but not least, the inspections and monitors of the government and the society should be reinforced to immediately identify drunk drivers and prevent drivers from drinking。

　　In conclusion, it is the responsibility of everybody to reduce drink driving to the minimum. ⑤ Only when the problem is efficiently controlled can we live more safely and comfortably。

　　Analysis

　　① demonstrate常用于阐明现象，引出主旨。

　　② 提出观点，something must be done也可以用we should take measures代替。

　　③ 提出建议。corresponding laws and regulations, pull...away from均适用于解决问题类作文。用alcohol指代饮酒以避免重复。

　　④ wine culture“酒文化”，有中国特色的固定表达。

　　⑤ Only位于句首时主句采用部分倒装语序，注意从句采用正常语序。

　　举一反三

　　Recently, there have been tremendous reports on accidents caused by drink driving and controversial sentences of criminals。

　　a. Recently, it has been tremendously reported that there are lots of accidents caused by drink driving and controversial sentences of criminals。

　　b. Recently, many reports are released on accidents caused by drink driving and controversial sentences of criminals。

　　三、说明利弊型

　　说明利弊型作文的标志十分明显，非常容易识别，其要求比较明确，即要求考生比较某事物或现象的利弊，并表明自己的观点。

　　1. 写作提纲

　　(1) X带来的好处

　　(2) X带来的问题

　　(3) 我的看法

　　2. 历年真题

　　2005.06 Say No to Pirated Products

　　3. 模拟演练

　　Living in Big Cities or Medium and Small Cities?

　　(1) 大学毕业后有人选择留在大城市发展，有人选择去中小城市生活

　　(2) 在大城市和中小城市工作、生活的利弊

　　(3) 我的选择及原因

　　专家支招

　　这是一个说明利弊型的题目，探讨了大学毕业生就业选择的问题，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：① 第一段简要说明这一现象，即有人毕业后选择留在大城市发展，有人选择去中小城市生活；第二段具体说明在大城市与在中小城市工作、生活的利弊；第三段说明自己的选择及看法。② 写作时注意文章结构清晰，思路明确，可适当使用表示并列或递进关系的词组，使文章衔接自然。

　　名师点评

　　Living in Big Cities or Medium and Small Cities?

　　① We can not choose where we were born, but we can choose where we live during the whole life. ② That’s why after graduation, some students want to stay in big cities like Beijing and Shanghai, while some others might long to live in medium and small cities like Yantai and Ningbo。

　　When referring to the city they’d like to live, different college graduates have different choices. ③ Some insist that big cities are their favorites because there are more opportunities for personal development and more modern facilities that make their lives wonderful and convenient. ③ In addition, they believe that their horizons will be broadened and their potentials will be fully exploited before so many challenges. ④ However, there are a large part of people choosing to live in medium and small cities. ⑤ Firstly, less pressure there will make them live much more comfortable. ⑤ Secondly, the air is fresher than big cities. Therefore, it will be beneficial to their health。

　　⑥ Personally speaking, I’d rather choose to go to big cities because personal development ⑦ rather than comfort is what I have been pursuing。

　　Analysis

　　① 描述背景。

　　② 表语从句描绘出大学毕业生的不同选择。

　　③ 分三点详述留在大城市发展的优势：更多机会、开阔眼界、开发潜能。

　　④ 引出相反的观点。

　　⑤ 层次分明，结构清晰。

　　⑥ 表达自己的观点。

　　⑦ “而不是”。

　　举一反三

　　Some insist that big cities are their favorites because there are more opportunities for personal development and more modern facilities that make their lives wonderful and convenient。

　　a. Some think that big cities are their favorites for the reason that there are more opportunities for personal development and more modern facilities that make their lives wonderful and convenient。

　　b. Some hold on the opinion that big cities are their favorites considering there are more opportunities for personal development and more modern facilities that make their lives wonderful and convenient。

　　四、对比选择型

　　在六级作文中，对比选择型的题目要求非常明确且富有针对性。这类作文一般以问题的形式或两者选一的形式出现，要求考生对两种观点或做法进行比较，然后表明自己的看法，并且给出理由。写这类作文最关键的一点就是在表明个人观点的同时，还要给出支撑观点的充分理由。

　　1. 写作提纲

　　(1) 有些人认为(支持)

　　(2) 也有些人认为(反对)

　　(3) 我的看法

　　2. 历年考题

　　2009.06 On the Importance of a Name

　　2007.06 Should One Expect a Reward When Doing a Good Deed?

　　3. 模拟演练

　　Tradition and Modernization

　　(1) 有人认为传统文化应当尽可能保留

　　(2) 有人认为牺牲传统文化来发展现代文化是值得的

　　(3) 我认为

　　专家支招

　　这是一个阐释对立观点型的题目，文章讨论了是否应当牺牲传统文化来发展现代化的问题，写作时应当围绕提纲进行构思：① 第一段阐明保留传统文化的作用和观点，第二段说明传统与现代化的冲突并权衡利弊，第三段提出自己的观点。② 写作时注意语言做到准确流畅，可以适当应用复合句，使文章衔接自然。

　　名师点评

　　Tradition and Modernization

　　The process of modernization today is even greater than before. It is unavoidable that some achievements are made ① at the cost of tradition. Many people believe that tradition should be reserved to the largest extent. On the one hand, they think that the tradition is the ② cream of history with perfect conclusion and abstraction, and thus it should be followed. On the other hand, we should keep our own traditional characteristics as a culture, so that we can find our own position in a world of ③ diversity。

　　However, some people believe that it is worthwhile to abandon tradition for modernization. In the first place, they view the history as a ④ linear course moving forward, and outdated concepts must be timely eliminated. In the second place, they believe that civilization is more important, and should be realized ⑤ at all costs。

　　As far as I am concerned, we should sort out the universal truth in our tradition and stick to them. But we should also selectively put down some traditions for a better life。

　　Analysis

　　① at the cost of表示“以……为代价”，可以用于表示牺牲某些东西来实现目的。

　　② 可以用cream来表示“精华”，可以指人或物，表达简洁准确。③ 表示多样性的时候可以用diversity或者variety。

　　④ linear一词可以用于描述一切线性或单向发展的过程，在描述与时空相关的内容时也可以使用。

　　⑤ at all costs表示“不惜一切代价”，可用于强调话题的重要性。

　　举一反三

　　1. It is unavoidable that some achievements are made at the cost of tradition。

　　a. It is inevitable that some achievements are made at the cost of tradition。

　　b. It cannot be avoided that some achievements are made at the cost of tradition。

　　2. However, some people believe that it is worthwhile to abandon tradition for modernization。

　　a. However, some people believe that it is worthy to abandon tradition for modernization。

　　b. However, some people believe that it is rewarding to abandon tradition for modernization。